China Feed Industry Association Mu Yongyi
Years of efforts, our country has become a cross-sectoral interdisciplinary industry that includes a relatively complete industrial system including feed processing industry, feed raw material industry, feed additive industry and feed machinery industry.
Commonly used in industrial production refers to feed (with concentrate supplement), concentrated feed and additives. The production of feedstuffs, feedstuffs and feed additives has been far beyond the production range of feed processing plants, involving many sectors such as food, food, light industry, chemical industry, medicine, and mineral resources. Therefore, the processing technology used in the production of feed industry products And equipment are basically from the above departments. In the feed, feed raw materials and feed additives in the production process are varying degrees of application of drying technology, that is widely used in dry feed technology in the feed industry.

First, feed production
Feedstuffs are used in the production of raw materials such as corn, soybean meal, fish meal and other raw materials, some due to improper storage, rain or moisture to make it too much water, or the procurement of raw materials in the plant when the water exceeded The Therefore, in the preparation of feed or concentrated feed production, often to the raw materials for drying, such as the use of tower dryer, air dryer or vibrating fluidized bed dryer.

The main raw materials used in the production of additive premixes, feed additives are light industry, chemical, pharmaceutical products, its moisture content is very low; in addition to special circumstances, generally in the feed processing plant no longer need to dry; The carrier or diluent used in the production of the mixture, such as stone powder, bran, corn flour or corn cob powder, when the moisture content is high, the need for air dryer, fluid bed dryer, drum dryer, etc. to dry The

When the pellets are fed with the feed, the temperature of the pellets fed from the granulator is about 80 ° C and the moisture content is about 17%. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out ventilation cooling, to remove the water and to cool the temperature to near room temperature (slightly higher than room temperature) , Moisture fell below 13%. After the dry feed to facilitate storage, not mildew.

Second, feed raw material production

China's food production is limited, the feed used in the production of raw materials has been far beyond the corn, soybean meal (cake), fish meal and other conventional feed ingredients. A lot of industrial and agricultural production by-product after processing have become a valuable feed ingredients, such as: leather factory waste processing leather protein powder, slaughterhouse waste processing bone meal, meat and bone meal, intestinal feather powder, feather powder, Blood meal, alcohol plant waste processing DDGS (full dry alcohol bad) or DDG, brewery waste residue and waste production for beer distillers, beer feed yeast, and forage processing into grass powder, grass, grass and so on.

In the production of feed raw materials, especially the use of industrial and agricultural production of animal and plant by-products or waste (waste water, waste residue) production (recovery) feed ingredients, the vast majority of material drying. In the recovery of animal and plant feed resources, although the nature of various materials, but its processing technology generally include ① material pretreatment. ② sterilization, decomposition. ③ dehydration, degreasing, concentration, liquid-solid separation. ④ dry. ⑤ crushed, packed. For any particular product, it is possible to select a number of suitable unit operations from the generally applicable process to form a complete process suitable for such a feedstock or product.
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 Drying is the most energy-efficient operation in the removal of moisture from the material and is the most important unit for the development and utilization of feed resources. It is one of the main factors controlling product quality, production cost and production efficiency. Drying methods and Many equipment, only according to the material properties and product requirements, the choice of appropriate drying methods and equipment, in order to obtain efficient returns.

(1) tannery waste dander by alkali hydrolysis and other treatment, the use of spray dryer or vacuum dryer production of leather powder.

(2) slaughtering plant animal blood treatment, the use of spray drying can produce high protein feed raw material blood meal.

(3) slaughtering plants such as pigs, chickens, ducks, cattle and other bones, meat, hoofs, horns and intestines, feathers, blood and other waste, after melting (cooking) processing, according to raw materials production of bone meal, meat and bone meal, feather Powder, intestinal feather powder, intestinal feather blood mixed protein feed and other feed ingredients, the production process of some use of smelting (cooking) dry, a first treatment to complete; some use for the smelting (cooking) dry (material humidity, viscosity Large) and two for the drying process of air drying.

(4) corn flour mill waste (yellow pulp) generally in the mechanical dehydration after the use of air drying production of corn protein powder.

(5) alcohol plant in the corn as raw material to produce alcohol, the waste liquid using mechanical dehydration (horizontal screw centrifuge or plate and frame filter press) and then use a disk dryer or tube dryer drying DDG protein feed , Or the mechanical separation of the liquid in the soluble components of the multi-effect evaporator (usually 4 to 6) concentrated and mechanical dehydration of the solid obtained after mixing and drying DDGS protein feed.

(6) breweries and wineries of solid slag after pretreatment, the use of fluidized bed or air drying, the product can be used for feed ingredients. The brewery's yeast waste is dried by a drum dryer and can be prepared by the beer feed yeast, which is a high quality feed protein material.

(7) cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal and other toxins containing oilseed meal When the use of chemical, fermentation or thermal spray for detoxification treatment, the process should generally use dry operation, such as: air drying, Spouted bed drying, fluidized bed drying and so on.

Third, pasture dry

Forage according to their use of different, some of the pasture direct ventilation and dry, and some of the use of dry grass to quickly reduce the grass powder, grass and grass water.

(1) pasture dry and dry pasture into a simple structure of the silo, ventilated (cold or low temperature heating air) dry pasture, the so-called ventilation dry or dry storage. Some use of cylindrical tower, into the air or forced hot air for pasture drying.

(2) forage drying According to the production needs, in order to speed up the drying of dry grass and the use of high temperature air for drying, usually divided into continuous and intermittent, fuel heating air, to achieve rapid drying of pastures. Continuous operation Drying equipment is conveyor chain, air flow pipe, air drum and so on.

Four, trace elements and bacitracin zinc

(1) Minerals Trace elements are important additives for animal feed. Some products need to be dried in the production process, especially sulphate products such as CuSO 4 · 5H 2 O, FeSO 4 · 7H 2 O, ZnSO 4 · 7H 2 O and so on with 5 or 7 crystal water, high moisture absorption, easy to deliquescence, agglomeration, in order to facilitate the use of feed processing, often pre-treatment: such as the sulfate (caking) broken Into the drum dryer, the material and hot air for the downstream heat exchange to complete the drying.

(2) bacitracin zinc is a feed feed used in more of a drug feed additives. In the process of production, the stability of bacitracin was enhanced after the bacitracin fermentation broth and Zn 2 + ions were salt, and the final product was prepared by spray drying.

Fifth, feed additives vitamin A production

Vitamin A is an indispensable vitamin for animal growth and is therefore an important nutrient additive for feed products. As vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamins, can not be directly diluted with water, placed in the air encountered in the oxygen and light will be damaged, it must be made of vitamin A and air isolation and good mobility of the powder Easily added to the feed. Commonly used dry powder preparation of complex coagulation micro-capsule industry and spray granulation process.

Spray granulation process is the vitamin A oil and gelatin aqueous solution made of oil-in-water emulsion, made through the spray system droplets encountered in the cold air in the starch, the formation of starch-wrapped particles; in the entire spray granulation The wet VA particles formed during the process are continuously fed into the fluid bed dryer for drying.

In addition to vitamin A, there are many types of feed additives, and there are currently 191 kinds of nutrient feed additives and general feed additives such as amino acids, vitamins, mineral elements, enzyme preparations, antioxidants and preservatives. There are 9 species in the period; 33 kinds of drug feed additives are allowed for commercial feed. These additives in the production process, many products are inseparable from the drying process.

Six, summary

To sum up, from the feed industry, the specific application of drying technology can be seen in the examples, many aspects of the feed industry should be applied to dry technology. In the process of feed processing, regardless of the feed, concentrated feed and premixed feed, its product production or raw material and carrier treatment, because of its products or raw materials, the use of such a different drying process. Drying technology is an indispensable part of the feed industry's production process.

 With the continuous development of the feed industry, the industry will be more and more, new products continue to develop, in its production process used in the drying process and equipment more and more widely.